Updated 23 November 2001

Amateur Astronomer's Notebook

Leonid Observations and Photos, 17-18 Nov 2001

from Wilbraham, MA


Tonight I observed Saturn and the Leonids from Wilbraham, MA. Below is a sampling of some of the photos I took during this session. The photos of Saturn were taken during the evening observing session, the Leonid photos were all in the morning session (3:10am - 5:15am). I took 391 photos of Saturn, I have to sort through the majority of them when I have time...

A Leonid streaks through the famous constellation Orion. The glow to the lower right of this photo is caused by light pollution from greater Springfield MA (on this night the impact was a lot less than normally is the case). 4 minute guided exposure on Kodak MAX 800 film w/ 28mm F2.8 lens.


This is a very preliminary shot (I need to process it to remove lens vignetting). For the time being, it does show five meteors originating from the constellation Leo (a faint one is seen at the extreme right edge of the photo). The original photo caught six Leonids, but due to lens vignetting I had to crop it out. Lens vignetting can be a real annoyance with astrophotograpy, it essentially reduces the "sweet spot" of the lens. In this photo M44 (Beehive Cluster) is visible to the upper right, and Regulus is the bright star near the center of the image. 4 minute guided exposure on Kodak MAX 800 film w/ 28mm F2.8 lens.


Here is the brightest Leonid I happened to capture on film (by pure luck). This one was about as bright or brighter than Venus, it was very spectacular! The plume coming off the meteor is actually the aftermath (caught on film as it drifted during the remainder of the exposure). I saw at least a half dozen others as bright as this one... naturally they were in a part of the sky I was not photographing at the time! Another fainter meteor is visible just above the start of the bright one. The bright meteor is clearly a Leonid as it is coming right from the constellation Leo. 4 minute guided exposure on Kodak MAX 800 film w/ 28mm F2.8 lens.


Here is the shot following the one above, the plume from the very bright Leonid is still easily visible (and it was visible in the photo taken after this one too)! The long streak through this photo is due to an airplane. Naturally, the only airplane I saw during the entire session went right through my image! One fainter Leonid is seen to the south of the constellation Leo (just above the tree). 4 minute guided exposure on Kodak MAX 800 film w/ 28mm F2.8 lens.


CENTER>

A Leonid streaks through the constellation Canes Venatici. To the left (vertically) the Big Dipper is seen, and the group of stars to the right is the constellation Coma Berenices. 4 minute guided exposure on Kodak MAX 800 film w/ 28mm F2.8 lens.


A digital camera image (single image) of Saturn taken through the Celestron CG-11 scope using the Afocal method. 1/2 second exposure. Camera is an Olympus C3030Z; I had it set to SHQ mode (highest quality other than TIFF). One of 391 Saturn images I took this evening!


Another digital camera image of Saturn taken through the Celestron CG-11 scope using the Afocal method. 1/2 second exposure. Camera used was an Olympus C3030Z; I had it set to SHQ mode (highest quality other than TIFF).


A final image of Saturn. This is a composite of Image 18, 66 and 133, three of the best images I could find among the 391 I took. Using these three individual images results in a better overall image (noise in the image is reduced significantly compared to any one exposure). In my experience thus far, it is better to take shorter exposures (which are inherently noisier) because the seeing is likley to be less of a problem during shorter exposures. The individual exposures can be then assembled later using PhotoShop (this will reduce the noise in the image). The photo above is composed of three 1/4 second exposures. Camera used was an Olympus C3030Z; I had it set to SHQ mode (highest quality other than TIFF).


The morning after... the scope (used as a tracking platform for the camera taking the Leonid photos) awaits takedown.


Comments

I set the scope up Saturday evening in preparation for the night's observing and photographing. The scope's main purpose was to serve as a guiding platform for the camera that was to take Leonid shots. The weather in the evening was not particularly great; there was significant high thin clouds in good portions of the sky. This seemed to dissipate as the night went on. In the evening I took 391 photos of Saturn (using the digital camera and the aid of an Orion Steadipix camera mount). The seeing was "ok" at best... not great, but I've seen a lot worse. I have yet to sort through the vast majority of these shots. I went to bed around 11pm and set the alarm for 3am...

By pure luck, the early morning happened to not only be clear, but it was one of the clearest and darkest nights I have seen in Wilbraham MA in many years. I was able to see (faintly) the Milky Way in Monoceros, something that is rarely possible from this location in 2001! The limiting magnitude was in the "high 5's" over the best parts of the sky. The air must have been abnormally clean and dry for this viewing condition. Overall the sky was actually quite good (for a change), suitable for deep sky photography in the "good" areas.

I did not do a "formal" meteor count, I just wanted to watch the show and try and get some photos. Tonight was my first try using Kodak MAX film, I really would have liked Royal Gold 1000, but Kodak has dropped this film. I figured the Kodak MAX would at minimum give "acceptable" results. Other than an apparent weak red sensitivity, this film appears to be decent enough (based on my results) for basic astrophotography. I wanted a fast film as meteors need to be fairly bright to be recorded.

While photographing, I was frustrated by meteors falling seemingly everywhere but where the camera was pointed! Even with a wide angle (28mm) lens, the amount of sky covered (for this purpose) is rather small. I saw many great Leonids, but managed to capture only a small fraction of them. I got one of about 5 or 6 very bright (Venus - like) Leonids on film! While I had the camera pointed over near Orion, bright Leonids were falling on the other side of the sky. I was taking 4 minute exposures for all shots. Once, in the time it took me to stop and start a new exposure (maybe 10 seconds), TWO bright Leonids went right by the camera field of view!!! When I switched the camera over towards Leo, I saw several bright ones in Orion! Typical!

When I went out shortly after 3am I saw two Leonids right off. The pace at that time was somewhat slow (maybe 3 or 4 per minute), most of them on the faint side. Later on, things picked up noticeably. At 4:45am give or take, things really stepped up. I at one time saw five Leonids at once, and there was a meteor every couple of seconds. It was difficult to watch them all because they were all over the sky. I saw most of the brighter ones around this time, and they were still quite bright despite the onset of twilight.

As a friend of mine stated, I would hesitate to call this year's Leonids a "storm", however it certainly without a doubt was the best meteor shower I have ever witnessed. The second best was the Persieds back in the mid 1970's. The show the Leonids put on in 2001 was quite remarkable and I will remember it always.


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